Qeexida & Asalka Chip
Chip - erey guud oo loogu talagalay alaabta qaybta semiconductor, wareegyada isku dhafan, oo loo soo gaabiyo IC; ama microcircuits, microchips, wafers/chips, in electronics waa hab lagu yareeyo wareegyada (inta badan qalabka semiconductor, laakiin sidoo kale qaybaha dadban, iwm) iyo waqti ka waqti la soo saaray on dusha of wafers semiconductor.
Laga soo bilaabo 1949 ilaa 1957, prototypes waxaa soo saaray Werner Jacobi, Jeffrey Dummer, Sidney Darlington, Yasuo Tarui, laakiin wareegga casriga ah ee casriga ah waxaa alifay Jack Kilby ee 1958. Waxa lagu abaalmariyay abaalmarinta Nobel Prize ee Fiisigiska 2000, laakiin Robert Noyce, kaas oo sidoo kale sameeyay wareeg isku mid ah oo isku dhafan99.
Faa'iidada weyn ee chip
Ka dib abuurista iyo wax soo saarka tirada badan ee transistor-ka, qaybaha kala duwan ee semiconductor-ka adag sida diodes iyo transistor-yada ayaa loo isticmaalay tiro badan, beddelaya shaqada iyo doorka tuubooyinka vacuum ee wareegyada. Badhtamihii ilaa dabayaaqadii qarnigii 20-aad, horumarka laga gaadhay tignoolajiyada wax-soo-saarka semiconductor-ka ayaa suurtageliyay wareegyada isku dhafan. Marka la barbardhigo wareegyada gacanta lagu ururiyo ee isticmaala qaybaha elektaroonigga ah ee gaarka ah, wareegyada isku dhafan waxay isku dari karaan tiro badan oo transistor-yar ah oo ku jira jajab yar, taas oo ah horumar weyn. Miisaanka wax soo saarka, isku halaynta, iyo habka qaab-dhismeedka qaabaynta wareegyada isku dhafan waxay hubisaa qaadashada degdegga ah ee wareegyada isku dhafan ee caadiga ah halkii lagu naqshadeyn lahaa transistor-yada kala duwan.
Wareegyada isku dhafan waxay leeyihiin laba faa'iido oo waaweyn marka loo eego transistor-yada kala duwan: qiimaha iyo waxqabadka. Qiimaha hooseeya waxaa sabab u ah xaqiiqda ah in chip-ku u daabaco dhammaan qaybaha sida unug ahaan, halkii uu samayn lahaa hal transistor oo keliya markiiba. Waxqabadka sare waxaa sabab u ah qaybaha si degdeg ah u beddelaya oo cunaya tamar yar sababtoo ah qaybaha waa yar yihiin oo isku dhow yihiin midba midka kale. 2006, bedka jajabku wuxuu ka socdaa dhowr milimitir oo labajibbaaran ilaa 350 mm² wuxuuna gaari karaa hal milyan oo transistors halkii mm².
(Waxaa jiri kara 30 bilyan oo transistors gudaha!)
Sida chip u shaqeeyo
Chip waa wareeg isku dhafan oo ka kooban tiro badan oo transistor ah. Chips kala duwan ayaa leh cabbirro is-dhexgal oo kala duwan, oo u dhexeeya boqolaal milyan; ilaa tobanaan ama boqollaal transistors. Transistor-yadu waxay leeyihiin laba dawladood, shirar iyo damin, kuwaas oo ay matalaan 1s iyo 0s. Multiple 1s iyo 0s ee ay abuuraan transistors badan, kuwaas oo loo dejiyay hawlo gaar ah (tusaale ahaan, tilmaamaha iyo xogta) si ay u matalaan ama u habeeyaan xarfaha, nambarada, midabada, sawirada, iwm. Ka dib markii chip-ku shaqeeyaa, wuxuu marka hore abuuraa tilmaamo bilaw ah si loo bilaabo chip-ka, ka dibna wuxuu sii wadaa helitaanka tilmaamo iyo xog cusub si uu u dhamaystiro shaqada.
Waqtiga boostada: Jun-03-2019
