Qeexida & Asalka Chip
Chip - erey guud oo loogu talagalay alaabta qaybta semiconductor, wareegyada isku dhafan, oo loo soo gaabiyo IC;ama microcircuits, microchips, wafers/chips, in electronics waa hab lagu yareeyo wareegyada (inta badan qalab semiconductor, laakiin sidoo kale qaybaha dadban, iwm) iyo waqti ka waqti soo saaray on dusha of wafers semiconductor.
Laga soo bilaabo 1949 ilaa 1957, prototypes waxaa soo saaray Werner Jacobi, Jeffrey Dummer, Sidney Darlington, Yasuo Tarui, laakiin wareegga casriga ah ee isku dhafan waxaa alifay Jack Kilby 1958. Waxaa la siiyay abaalmarinta Nobel Prize ee Fiisigiska 2000, laakiin Robert Noyce, kaas oo Waxa kale oo ay isla wakhtigaas soo saartay wareegyo wax ku ool ah oo casri ah oo la taaban karo, oo geeriyooday 1990kii.
Faa'iidada weyn ee chip
Ka dib abuurista iyo wax soo saarka tirada badan ee transistor-ka, qaybaha kala duwan ee semiconductor-ka adag sida diodes iyo transistors ayaa loo isticmaalay tiro badan, beddelaya shaqada iyo doorka tuubooyinka vacuum ee wareegyada.Badhtamihii ilaa dabayaaqadii qarnigii 20-aad, horumarka laga gaadhay tignoolajiyada wax-soo-saarka semiconductor-ka ayaa suurtageliyay wareegyada isku dhafan.Marka la barbardhigo wareegyada gacanta lagu ururiyo ee isticmaala qaybaha elektaroonigga ah ee gaarka ah, wareegyada isku dhafan waxay isku dari karaan tiro badan oo transistor-yar ah oo ku jira jajab yar, taas oo ah horumar weyn.Miisaanka wax-soo-saarka, isku halaynta, iyo habka qaab-dhismeedka qaabaynta wareegyada isku-dhafan waxay hubisaa qaadashada degdegga ah ee wareegyada isku-dhafan ee halbeegga ah halkii lagu naqshadayn lahaa transistors discrete.
Wareegyada isku dhafan waxay leeyihiin laba faa'iido oo waaweyn marka loo eego transistor-yada kala duwan: qiimaha iyo waxqabadka.Qiimaha hooseeya waxaa sabab u ah xaqiiqda ah in chip-ku u daabaco dhammaan qaybaha sida unug ahaan, halkii uu samayn lahaa hal transistor oo keliya markiiba.Waxqabadka sare waxaa sabab u ah qaybaha si degdeg ah u beddelaya oo cunaya tamar yar sababtoo ah qaybaha waa yar yihiin oo isku dhow yihiin midba midka kale.2006, bedka jajabku wuxuu ka socdaa dhowr milimitir oo labajibbaaran ilaa 350 mm² wuxuuna gaari karaa hal milyan oo transistor halkii mm².
(Waxaa jiri kara 30 bilyan oo transistors gudaha!)
Sida chip-ku u shaqeeyo
Chip waa wareeg isku dhafan oo ka kooban tiro badan oo transistor ah.Chips kala duwan ayaa leh cabbirro is-dhexgal oo kala duwan, oo u dhexeeya boqolaal milyan;ilaa tobanaan ama boqollaal transistors.Transistor-yadu waxay leeyihiin laba dawladood, shirar iyo damin, kuwaas oo ay ka muuqdaan 1s iyo 0s.Dhowr 1s iyo 0s oo ay abuureen transistors badan, kuwaas oo loo dejiyay hawlo gaar ah (tusaale ahaan, tilmaamo iyo xog) si ay u matalaan ama u habeeyaan xarfaha, nambarada, midabada, sawirada, iwm Tilmaamaha si loo bilaabo chip-ka, ka dibna waxay sii wadaysaa helitaanka tilmaamo iyo xog cusub si ay u dhamaystirto shaqada.
Waqtiga boostada: Jun-03-2019